Defence

Armed drone makes a huge impact in Africa

pIvanova — Mon, 06 Feb 2023 12:25:59 +0000

Defence 06 February 2023

Armed drone makes a huge impact in Africa

Amari Adebayo takes a look at the rise and rise of the Bayraktar TB2 armed unmanned air vehicle (UAV).

Renewed hostilities between Armenia and Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020 put the Bayraktar TB2 on the map as an extremely capable armed UAV.

The type was instrumental in Azerbaijan’s military successes, acting as an effective strike platform against Armenian ground forces.

Multiple observers thought, however, that the TB2’s success had been made possible by the permissive electronic warfare and air defence environment in Nagorno-Karabakh and that the Turkish UAV was unlikely to prove as capable in a high-intensity conventional conflict.

The war in the Ukraine has, however, shown this analysis to be largely erroneous and, while Ukrainian TB2 losses have taken place, the type has proven to be one of the most effective weapon systems in Kyiv’s arsenal.

The TB2’s performance in Nagorno-Karabakh caught the attention of several countries and Baykar started receiving a growing stream of foreign orders from mid-2020 onwards. Several African air arms were among the new customers, having grasped the potential of the aircraft, particularly for counter-insurgency operations.

The first publicly announced order in the region came from Niger, and was disclosed by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in November 2021. The exact number acquired was not revealed but the delivery of a first batch of six was announced by several media outlets in May 2022.

In late 2021, following media reports of TB2s being flown by the Ethiopian Air Force in combat operations against Tigrayan forces, satellite imagery of the Bishoftu Airbase, near Addis Ababa, confirmed the type was, indeed, operational.

Other confirmed customers for the TB2 in sub-Saharan Africa include Djibouti, which has received at least three aircraft, two of which were displayed during its Independence Day military parade on June 27 last year. One was armed with Roketsan MAM-L precision-guided munitions.

Togo started flying the TB2 in 2022 and three aircraft are understood to be operating from Niamtougou Airbase.

Burkina Faso and Nigeria are also fielding the type. Indeed, photos of Nigerian Air Force TB2s being assembled in Turkey appeared online and, while the Nigerian Air Force has yet to publicly confirm this, it has been reported that at least part of these aircraft have already been delivered.

The TB2 is also reported to have been spotted in Somalia, although it is unclear if the aircraft noted there were Somali or Turkish. The latter is a possibility since Turkey has a military base in-country and has been providing support to the Somali military, including equipment and training.

Rwanda has also been listed as a TB2 customer, although this remains unconfirmed.

The TB2’s success in Africa comes on the back of a massive Turkish effort to increase its footprint on the continent. Defence equipment sales have featured prominently, with Erdogan, himself, acting as an ambassador of the Turkish military industry in the course of multiple official visits to the continent.

The reasons for the aircraft’s commercial success include its combat record in Nagorno-Karabakh and Ukraine, its competitive price, short delivery timeframe, and reliability, which come into sharp contrast with the checkered record of Chinese armed UAVs in African service.

The latter have generally suffered from poor availability, as well as sub-par performance. Indeed, it is telling that Nigeria, which already fields a large fleet of CASC CH-3A and CH-4Bs, as well as CAIG Wing Loong IIs, has decided to acquire the TB2 rather than continue expanding its inventory of Chinese aircraft.

Furthermore, with a price range of less than $20 million for a single system comprising two aircraft and a control station, the TB2 is much cheaper than even armed turboprop aircraft and provides a self-contained combat and surveillance capability well suited to countering the asymmetric threats facing many African countries.

This allows militaries with limited funding to acquire a capable offensive platform, which they would otherwise not be able to afford.

The TB2 has been used in offensive action by Ethiopia and Togo, where it is likely that it was involved in a night air strike in July 2022, which led to the death of seven civilians who had been mistaken for combatants. The UAV may also have seen combat in Burkina Faso, although this is unconfirmed.

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Saudi Arabia and Chad sign defence MoU promoting peace and stability

eNethersole — Fri, 27 Jan 2023 13:13:17 +0000

The MOU covers defence areas between the two countries, mainly the development of cooperation in military training and exercises, logistical support, military medical services, cultural and social activities, and awareness in combating terrorism.

Posted date

Fri, 27/01/2023 - 12:00

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The governments of Saudi Arabia and Chad have signed an (MOU) for defence cooperation to develop bilateral relations.

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The governments of Saudi Arabia and Chad have signed an (MOU) for defence cooperation to develop bilateral relations that promotes international peace and stability.

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CAR pool

pIvanova — Fri, 27 Jan 2023 11:26:51 +0000

Defence 27 January 2023

CAR pool

A Tunisian helicopter unit has been operating for a year in the Central African Republic under the banner of the United Nations.

A Tunisian helicopter unit has been operating for a year in the Central African Republic under the banner of the United Nations multidimensional integrated stabilization mission in the CAR (MINUSCA).

It’s early morning in the western Central African Republic (CAR) and two Agusta Bell 205 helicopters, with United Nations and Tunisian Air Force (TAF) markings, are flying in close formation at low altitude.

Machine-gunners on each side of the aircraft keep a close eye on the ground, looking for signs of the presence of armed groups in the area, while, inside, a sensor operator does the same using an externally mounted camera.

In the meantime, ground troops are moving through the area to flush out any bandits and reassure the civilian population. The two helicopters loom close by, ready to deliver air support when needed.

The scenario is a good example of the duties performed by the Tunisian Armed Helicopter Unit, which has been deployed in the CAR about a year now.

The unit has made its home at the Bangui M’Poko Airport and comprises 130 people, including five aircrew, each made up of two pilots, one flight engineer and two gunners, and three AB 205s hailing from the TAF’s 32^nd Squadron based at Sidi Ahmed Air Base in Bizerte.

The Tunisian helicopters fill a gap left following the withdrawal of the Senegalese Mi-35s from the CAR in 2019.

According to a spokesperson for the unit, the helicopters and their support equipment were transported to Bangui in several rotations of TAF Lockheed Martin C-130J, while personnel flew on a chartered commercial aircraft on September 22 2021.

Meanwhile, ground support equipment and spare parts were shipped by sea from Tunisia to Douala in Cameroon, and from there moved by road to Bangui.

Following aircraft assembly and testing, the Tunisian detachment was declared fully operational on November 6 2021 and started flying operations on November 8.

The Tunisian AB 205s are tasked with carrying out multiple duties including VIP, personnel and cargo transport, search-and-rescue, close air support, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), casualty and medical evacuations, armed escort, air assault, and air control.

The aircraft can be armed with FN MAG and Dillon Aero M134D 7.62mm cabin-mounted machine-guns and with 70mm rocket launchers under two external hardpoints. A single Teledyne FLIR Star Safire III electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) sensor can be externally mounted on the left side of the airframe for ISR duties.

The aircraft are also outfitted for night flying using night vision goggles (NVG), a particularly valuable feature allowing for greater tactical flexibility, which was previously lacking in MINUSCA.

These weapons and equipment are all part of the standard fit of the aircraft in TAF service and no special modification was made to any of the helicopters for the purpose of their deployment to the CAR.

The unit was intended to be assigned to MINUSCA for a year, although mandate extensions could increase this out to August 31 2024.

Pre-deployment preparation started in Tunisia and included several lectures and courses on local customs and legal aspects, as well as UN rules of engagement. It concluded in the CAR, where additional operational matters of significance were also reviewed.

Between November 2021 and August 2022, the Tunisian unit had flown more than 300 hours despite the ongoing fuel supply crisis, which is having an impact on the CAR.

Flying in the region involves many challenges due to the lack of navigation aids in the country, as well as the changing weather, which includes heavy downpours during the rainy season.

The heat tends to affect aircraft performance and the dust, when landing in unprepared areas, can be a major hazard due to the ‘brown out’ phenomenon, where an aircraft is surrounded by a cloud of dust and the aircrew is left without spatial references while closing on the ground. According to the spokesperson, Tunisian fliers are quite familiar with several of these difficulties due to their experience operating in the desert, where sand and high temperatures are ubiquitous.

Overall, the TAF’s helicopter unit has provided MINUSCA with a vital airborne multipurpose armed capability.

The deployment is also a major achievement for Tunisia, which had never before sent helicopters to a UN mission. Although, as the spokesperson highlighted, it follows in the footsteps of the commitment of a Tunisian C-130J to the United Nations mission in Mali since 2019.

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Kuwait opts for Turkish UAV after strong competition

aPeaford — Wed, 25 Jan 2023 16:24:10 +0000

The Gulf state had considered platforms from China, Europe and the USA before selecting the Turkish contender.

The TB2 serves both as an intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance platform and can also carry four laser-guided munitions, specifically the Roketsan MAM-L and MAM-C, according to Baykar. It can operate out to ranges of 161nm (300km) and has an endurance of 27h. Its operational altitude is in the range of 18,000-25,000ft.

The UAV has been successful in Ukraine over the past year, and according to Baykar it has been battle proven with some 400,000h of operational flight.

Posted date

Wed, 25/01/2023 - 12:00

Short title

Kuwait opts for Turkish UAV

Short summary

Kuwait has upgraded its defence with the multi-role Bayraktar TB2 platform developed by Turkey’s Baykar. The contract is valued at $370 million.

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Kuwait has upgraded its defence with the multi-role Bayraktar TB2 platform developed by Turkey’s Baykar. The contract is valued at $370 million. The number of units has not been revealed.

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EDGE invests in High Lander

eNethersole — Tue, 24 Jan 2023 13:19:37 +0000

High Lander, is behind Universal UTM, a drone-agnostic unmanned traffic management solution which provides the automation, coordination, and safety much needed in increasingly crowded skies. The US$14 million investment creates a ground-breaking partnership and is already forging ongoing deals and high-value opportunities in both the military and civilian domains between some of the world’s biggest technology providers, as both companies progress along their respective roadmaps.

Faisal Al Bannai, chairman of the Board of EDGE, said: “As EDGE grows rapidly, and with our focus increasingly being directed to the development of world-leading autonomous aerospace solutions, the need for a superior and readily available air traffic management platform could not be more urgent. Today’s operating environments require the most advanced unmanned air traffic control systems, and High Lander provides the only truly universal solution for this critical requirement. Our investment in High Lander as a major shareholder is logical for EDGE, and mutually beneficial and opportune for both companies, allowing us to grow and perfect these solutions further together, in both the military and civilian domains.”

As part of its international growth strategy, EDGE, which comprises an impressive portfolio of 20 complementary companies, is placing a clear focus on the development of autonomous systems, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), smart weapons, and cyber technologies. The group is keen to further assist High Lander in developing its next-generation Universal UTM solution, which enables the safe coexistence of manned and unmanned aviation. EDGE aims to utilise Universal UTM in the management of autonomous operations.

Alon Abelson, co-founder and CEO of High Lander, added: “We are excited about the strategic partnership with EDGE because it strengthens High Lander's position as a market leader in drone fleet management and UTM spaces as we begin to scale globally. High Lander and EDGE have a mutual goal of creating the most technologically advanced airspace automation systems possible, and we look forward to working with EDGE for many years to come.”

Posted date

Tue, 24/01/2023 - 12:00

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The UAE’s EDGE, a provider of advanced technology and defence groups, has made a strategic investment with unmanned traffic management provider High Lander.

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Egypt grows its modern family

pIvanova — Wed, 18 Jan 2023 10:10:20 +0000

Defence 18 January 2023

Egypt grows its modern family

Egypt is continuing a major modernisation of its armed forces – and especially the air force, incorporating more modern fighter types.

Egypt is continuing a major modernisation of its armed forces – and especially the air force. This has, in recent years, discarded its last F-4E Phantoms, Dassault Mirage 5s, and Chinese built F-7 ‘Fishbeds’, and is replacing them with more modern fighter types.

The latest stage in the modernisation programme now seems likely to include the acquisition of 24 Eurofighter EF-2000 Typhoon aircraft, as part of a wider $10-12 billion arms package from Italy.

This will also reportedly include 24 Leonardo M346 Master training aircraft, 20-24 more AW-149 medium-lift/utility helicopters, four FREMM heavy frigates (additional to the two already being discussed), 20 Falaj-II class patrol boats to be co-manufactured in Alexandria Shipyard, and a Telespazio radar-equipped military surveillance and reconnaissance satellite.

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi is reportedly committed to acquiring the Eurofighter Typhoon from Italy to further diversify and modernise the Egyptian Air Force, and is determined to prevent ongoing US efforts to blunt Egyptian capabilities in an effort to maintain Israel’s qualitative military edge (QME).

Egypt is, therefore, determined to have a ‘full spec’ Typhoon with AESA radar and the Meteor beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile (BVRAAM).

All the Typhoons will be new-build aircraft assembled in Italy, and not second-hand Italian Tranche 1 jets, as was once expected, although delivery details have yet to be disclosed.

Egypt’s fighter modernisation began in earnest in February 2015, with an order for 24 Dassault Rafales, followed by an order for 46 MiG-29M/M2s in April 2015.

In 2018, Egypt ordered 24 Sukhoi Su-35S heavy fighters, but in 2019, US Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, threatened that if the sale went through, the USA’s countering America’s adversaries through sanctions act (CAATSA) would require sanctions to be imposed on Egypt. After a brief stand-off, Egypt refused delivery of the aircraft (several of which were by then flying) and they were eventually sold instead to Iran.

Abandoning the Su-35 purchase proved to be a blessing in disguise, as testing had shown that the Su-35’s Irbis phased array radar was vulnerable to jamming (notably by the Rafale’s Spectra electronic warfare system).

This, in turn, led to the decision to order 30 additional Rafales, while the United States has undertaken to deliver Boeing F-15 Advanced Eagle aircraft to Egypt, according General Frank McKenzie, the commander of US Central Command (USCENTCOM), when he gave evidence to a session of the Senate armed services committee. These would probably be similar to the F-15SA for Saudi Arabia, or the Qatari F-15QA, and the USAF’s new F-15EX variant.

The backbone of the fighter fleet will continue to be provided by six wings of approximately 200 F-16s, which may be upgraded in the near future. A single squadron of elderly Mirage 2000s is widely expected to be bolstered by about half of the UAE Mirage 2000-9s, once these are supplanted by the Emiratis’ new Rafales.

With Typhoons and Advanced F-15s augmenting F-16s, Mirage 2000s, Rafales and MiG-29M/M2s, the Egyptian Air Force will have probably the most diverse fighter fleet in the world, and one of the most modern in the region.

This will ‘buy’ a degree of geopolitical goodwill from all of the disparate supplier nations, and will provide a wide spectrum of capabilities, some of which will not be intimately familiar to Israel.

However, such diversity could also complicate the air force’s logistics and support arrangements, and may make operational integration more difficult, although Egypt is understood to have a compatible identification friend or foe (IFF) system for all types, and an intent to develop a universal datalink.

For now, though, Egypt faces real difficulties in integrating its MiG-29M/M2s into command and control networks that are predominantly of western origin.

The Egyptian Air Force’s next priority is likely to be pilot training. The dwindling fleet of ageing Alpha Jets is increasingly in need of replacement and, while Egypt’s Hongdu K-8Es are newer, they are unrepresentative of the more modern aircraft types that now form the backbone of the fighter force.

Dassault delivered the first four Alpha Jet MS1 trainers from French production in June 1983, while the remaining 26 aircraft were supplied in kit form for assembly in Egypt. Some 15 further Alpha Jet MS2s, ordered in the early 1980s, were manufactured by Dassault.

Egypt licence-assembled 80 K-8E (JL-8) Karakorum advanced trainers using Chinese-supplied kits, and these were delivered from 2005. License production of a further batch of 40 K-8Es began in time for deliveries to continue uninterrupted.

Even if Egypt does acquire 24 M-346s as part of the reported arms package from Italy, this would barely scratch the surface of Egypt’s trainer requirement. Though the Alpha Jets and K-8Es will not be replaced ‘one-for-one’, there is still likely to be a requirement for at least 100 advanced trainer/light attack aircraft, and some sources suggest that Egypt plans to select an aircraft by 2023. Aircraft known to have been under evaluation in Egypt include the KAI T-50, the Leonardo M-346, the Aero L-39NG and the turboprop-powered Embraer Super Tucano.

Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) has reportedly said that Egypt is interested in acquiring up to 100 FA-50 Fighting Eagle armed trainers, and Lee Bong-geun, the general manager of KAI’s Export Innovation Centre, has said that KAI will promote joint production of the aircraft in Egypt.

In support of the KAI sales and marketing campaign in Egypt, the Republic of Korea Air Force dispatched the Black Eagles aerobatic team to participate in the Pyramids Air Show on August 3 2022. The team is equipped with nine T-50B aircraft (eight display aircraft and one spare).

Jon Lake

Jon is defence editor for both Arabian and African Aerospace magazines.

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TATV SPOTLIGHT: How Raytheon's long range radar gives advance sight of potential threats

cbrown — Sun, 15 Jan 2023 09:17:10 +0000

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Lightweights add a heavy punch to north African air arms

pIvanova — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 15:50:02 +0000

Defence 09 January 2023

Lightweights add a heavy punch to north African air arms

Libya has reportedly ordered an undisclosed number of Hürkus-C turboprops from Turkish Aerospace (TAI), with Major General Muhammad Gojil, the Libyan Air Force chief of staff, signing a formal agreement.

However, the sale has not yet been formally acknowledged by TAI.

The company has confirmed orders, though, from the Niger Air Force and, more recently, from the Chad Air Force, as well as reporting strong interest from the Azerbaijan Air Force.

The Hürkus-C is an armed close air support variant of the Hürkus-B turboprop trainer. It is fitted with a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor and can carry 1,500kg of weapons, including 12.7mm machine gun or 20mm cannon pods, Cirit laser-guided rockets and L-UMTAS anti-tank guided missiles.

The Hürkus HYEU air-to-ground integration aircraft is a variant used for forward air controller (FAC) training by the Turkish Air Force’s 135 Filo at Konya.

In neighbouring Tunisia, despite the diplomatic stand-off between Joe Biden’s US administration and President Kais Saied, an order for eight T-6C Texan II trainers from Textron Aviation Defence is moving ahead, and the US Department of Defense has now agreed a $90 million deal towards the production of eight aircraft. These are expected to be followed by four AT-6E Wolverine close air support variants.

Tunisia has signed letters of offer and acceptance to acquire the airborne extensible relay over-horizon network (AERONet) mobile ad-hoc networking communication suite that was developed by the US Air Force as part of its continuing light attack experiment programme. AERONet is being supplied to US international partners who operate light attack aircraft by Persistent Systems LLC.

Following the signature of a contract on the first day of this year’s Farnborough International Airshow, the Royal Moroccan Air Force (RMAF) will take delivery of an unspecified number of H135s, which will replace about 10 surviving Agusta-Bell 206Bs in the rotary wing pilot training role.

They will serve with the L'Ecole de Pilotage Hélicoptère at 1 Air Base at Rabat/Salé.

The H135 is already in Moroccan service, with four EC135s serving with the Gendarmerie Royale’s Escadron Aerién at Rabat/Souissi.

The contract also covers an extensive support package, including the delivery of flight training devices and the training of instructor pilots and maintenance personnel.

Airbus Helicopters will provide support in cooperation with its Moroccan strategic partner, Heliconia.

The training programme will enable the RMAF to take full advantage of the H135’s multi-role capabilities and will include flying on might vision goggles (NVGs) and winching – a core skillset for the search-and-rescue role.
More than 130 IFR-certified H135s are operated by military agencies in the training role, and the type has now been selected by 12 military customers, including the armed forces of Australia, Brazil, Gabon, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Morocco, Nigeria, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom.

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Egypt purchases new Boeing CH-47F Chinooks to modernise fleet

eNethersole — Wed, 04 Jan 2023 10:19:06 +0000

With this $426million foreign military sale, Egypt will replace its fleet of CH-47D aircraft with the modern F model, and benefit from its advanced multi-mission capabilities.

“The F-model aircraft will enhance Egypt’s Chinook capabilities and help effectively accomplish its heavy-lift objectives,” said Ken Eland, vice president and H-47 program manager. “Boeing’s partnership with the Egyptian Air Force remains strong as we continue to work together to modernise their fleet.”

The CH-47F is an advanced multi-mission helicopter for the U.S. Army and international defence forces. It contains a fully integrated, digital cockpit management system, Common Avionics Architecture System cockpit and advanced cargo-handling capabilities complementing the aircraft's mission performance and handling characteristics.

“Boeing is committed to supporting the defence modernisation mission of the Egyptian armed forces and ensuring the best capability for Egypt’s national defence and security,” added Vince Logsdon, vice president, Boeing International Business Development.

Posted date

Wed, 04/01/2023 - 12:00

First paragraph

The U.S. Army has awarded Boeing a contract to produce 12 new CH-47F Chinooks for the Egyptian Air Force.

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MENA sits comfortably with Martin-Baker

pIvanova — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 11:50:32 +0000

Defence 02 January 2023

MENA sits comfortably with Martin-Baker

Ejection seat designer and manufacture, Martin-Baker, has recently been busy visiting various customers across the MENA region qualifying the new US18E ejection seat for the export versions of the Lockheed Martin F-16.

“The US18E is baseline for the new production Lockheed Martin F-16 Block 70/72 aircraft that will be purchased by the Royal Moroccan Air Force and the Royal Jordanian Air Force,” explained Steve Roberts, head of business development.

“With large fleets of F-16s in service across the MENA region, an important opportunity exists to retrofit the legacy ejection seat fitted to older F-16 aircraft with the US18E.”

The US18E is based on the US16E installed in the Lockheed Martin F-35 aircraft. There are some 939 in service and, so far, three lives have been saved.

“The new seat enables safe ejection for aircrew equipped with a helmet-mounted display across the size and speed range,” explained Roberts.

“Lots of helmets can cause injury during ejection but the new system allows safer ejection through the latest airbag technology making the load easier on the head and neck. The modular seat design also reduces the maintenance hours associated with canopy removals.”

The British company has a strong presence in the Middle East and currently boasts 1,639 of its seats in service in the region in countries including Egypt, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Iraq, and the UAE.

“MENA is an important region for Martin-Baker due to large fleets of military aircraft fitted with our seats,” said Roberts. “Rafale (F16F), Typhoon (16A), Hawk (10LH), Mirage 2000-5 (F10QA), PC-21 (CH16C) are just some examples. For this, reason we will also be exhibiting at the International Defence Exhibition and Conference (IDEX) in Abu Dhabi next year.”

During IDEX, in February, the company will also be displaying its latest ejection seat, the KR18A – the first seat in the Mk18 range.

“It is currently installed in the Korean Aerospace Industries KF-21 Boromae fifth-generation fighter,” said Roberts. “The Mk18 range offers three important advantages over legacy seats; an extended boarding range - which is gender neutral; safe ejection for aircrew wearing helmet-mounted displays; and modular design that enables savings through the reduced need for canopy removals.”

Marcelle (Ella) Nethersole

Ella is a news editor for digital news channels including Arabian Aerospace, African Aerospace and Times Aerospace TV.

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Armed drone makes a huge impact in Africa

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CAR pool

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Kuwait opts for Turkish UAV after strong competition

EDGE invests in High Lander

Egypt grows its modern family

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TATV SPOTLIGHT: How Raytheon's long range radar gives advance sight of potential threats

Lightweights add a heavy punch to north African air arms

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Egypt purchases new Boeing CH-47F Chinooks to modernise fleet

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